Dynamics of soot surface growth and agglomeration by enclosed spray combustion of jet fuel

Understanding the dynamics of soot formation and growth during combustion jet fuel is essential for mitigation aircraft engine emissions. Here, enclosed spray investigated its capacity to form with comparable characteristics that from engines. For this, microscopy, scanning mobility particle, X-ray diffraction & Raman spectroscopy measurements discrete element modeling (DEM) are employed along flame centerline at various Effective eQuivalence Ratios (EQR). The DEM-derived primary particle size distribution in excellent agreement those measured 5–63 cm height above burner (HAB) temperature volume fraction. At low EQR (1.46 1.59), surface stops residence time, t = 4–7 ms, resulting median diameters, d¯p, ∼ 14 nm. longer (high HAB), agglomeration takes over increasing diameter 16 88 or 145 nm 1.46 1.59, respectively, without altering d¯p having disorder graphitic band ratio, D/G 0.9 ± 0.01 a crystallite length, Lc 1.24 0.02 In contrast, 1.59 1.88, enhances growth, increases up 23 results more 0.8 1.47 Furthermore, inversely proportional determined largely by growth.